The Past Perfect / Plusquamperfekt is a tense of the past, it expresses the past of the past. It is mostly used in the written language.
Verbal forms of the Past Perfect / Plusquamperfekt
In German, there are different ways to form the Past Tense / Plusquamperfekt.
The form consists of two parts:
Auxiliary Verb | Past Participle |
haben / sein |
ge … t / en – irregular form |
|
Auxiliary Verb |
|
Past Participle |
Er |
war |
in die Stadt |
gegangen. |
Er |
hatte |
ein Auto |
gekauft. |
|
Auxiliary Verb |
Past Participle |
|
He |
had |
gone |
to town. |
he |
had |
bought |
a new car. |
German distinguishes between:
- Verbs of Movement – Auxiliary Verb: sein - to be
- Verbs of Non-Movement – Auxiliary Verb: haben - to have
Most verbs use a circumfix to form the Past Participle / Partizip II:
- kommen: ge-komm-en > irregular verb - to come
- kaufen: ge-kauf-t > regular verb - to buy
- there is a large number of verbs that have completely irregular past participles with vowel alterations or other possibilities.
Further exam:
German
|
Auxiliary Verb |
Past Participle |
Auxiliary Verb |
Past Participle |
ich |
hatte |
gemacht |
war |
gekommen |
German
|
Auxiliary Verb |
Past Participle |
Auxiliary Verb |
Past Participle |
I |
had |
made |
had |
come |
Irregular verbs - unregelmäßigen / starken Verben - form the past participle according to the following tables:
German - Irregular Verbs: List: a - b
German - Irregular Verbs: List: c - f
German - Irregular Verbs: List: k - m
German - Irregular Verbs: List: n - r
German - Irregular Verbs: List: s - sch
German - Irregular Verbs: List: se - st
German - Irregular Verbs: List: t - v
German - Irregular Verbs: List: w - z
In German:
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: a - b
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: c - f
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: k - m
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: n - r
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: s - sch
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: se - st
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: t - v
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: w - z
Example of usage:
German 1. kochen – 2. trinken Bevor ich den Tee trank, hatte ich ihn gekocht. |
English 1. to cook – 2. to drink Before I drank the tea, I had cooked it. |
Also read (in German):
Beispielsätze zum Plusquamperfekt in Verbindung mit den Konjunktionen bevor und nachdem.
Also read (in German):
Präsens
Präteritum
Perfekt
Plusquamperfekt
Futur I
Futur II
und:
Konjunktiv II Gegenwart
Konjunktiv II Vergangenheit
sowie:
Konjunktiv I - Endungen
Konjunktiv I - Regelmäßige Form
Konjunktiv I - Unregelmäßige Form
Konjunktiv I - SEIN / SEI
Konjunktiv I - Verwendung
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