Gerundivum - Latin Grammar - Lateinische Grammatik

Gerundivum

The gerundivum is a verbal adjective. To form the gerundivum you take a verb without its infinitive ending and add the right gerund ending. It resembles the adjective and the participle in its use, but often has the secondary meaning of “must”, “is to”, ...

Declination of the Gerundivum

The gerundivum is declinated following the table of the o- and a-declination.

amare > ama - nd - us

Singular - amandus - “is to love”

Case	male	female	neutral
Nominative	amand-us	amand-a	amand-um
Genitive	amand-ī	amand-ae	amand-ī
Dative	amand-ō	amand-ae	amand-ō
Accusative	amand-um	amand-am	amand-um
Vocative	amand-e	amand-a	amand-e
Ablative	amand-ō	amand-ā	amand-ō

Plural - amandus - “is to love”

Case	male	female	neutral
Nominative	amand-ī	amand-ae	amand-a
Genitive	amand-ōrum	amand-ārum	amand-ōrum
Dative	amand-īs	amand-īs	amand-īs
Accusative	amand-ōs	amand-īs	amand-a
Vocative	amand-ī	amand-ās	amand-a
Ablative	amand-īs	amand-īs	amand-īs

Example:

Amica amanda est. - The is to be loved / has to be loved.
Bonum librum nobis legendum est. - We must / have to read the book.

Further examples and their translations:

Latin	English
libri legendi	Books to be read Books that you have to read
Libros legendos video.	I see the books that are to be read. I see the books that I read.
Librum legendus est.	You have to / need to read the book.

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Gerundivum - Latin Grammar - Lateinische Grammatik