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Kurdish / Kurdî / کوردی / Kurmandji - Kurdish Grammar

Kurdish Language

Kurdish / Kurdî / کوردی

Kurdish is the language of Kurdistan and is used by about 35 Million people in different countries:

Kurdistan is separated between: Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria
Kurdish is an Indo-European language and belongs to the Iranian lnaguages, it is closely related to other languages such as Persian / Farsi, Dari, Beluchi and Pashtu.

Kurdish can be sub-divided into several dialects:

-Kurmandji
- Sorani
- Zazaki
- Gorani
- Southern Kurdish

During the centuries of its history it has had a lot of contact with other languages such as Aramaic, Arabic, Armenian and Turkish; in its recent past there has also been a certain influence from European languages.

Verbs in Kurdish - Overview

A special phenomen of the Kurdish language can be found with the verbs: Kurmandji uses the Ergative - in contrary to most Indo-European languages.
Logical subjects appears when the verb is ergative as objects. The grammatical subject does not equal the logical subject.

A few examples in other languages:

- German: es geschieht mir - it happens to me
- French: ça me plaît - it pleases to me

In Kurmandji, the agens, the acting person, is not in Casus Rectus (Nominative), but in Casus Obliquus (Accusative, Dative, Genitive).

The Ergative is used with transitive verbs.

Example: I saw you.

There is no Ergative with intransitive verbs.

Example: I came.

Formation of the Tenses

The formation of the tenses in Kurdish / Kurmandji follow the scheme below:

Bildungsschema:

Tenses in Kurdish - Scheme:

çûn / çûyin - to go

Present Indicative

The prefix di- expresses the present.

çûn / çûyin - to go

Present Indicative Continuous Form

The prefix di- and the ending -e / -ye express the present continuous.

çûn / çûyin - to go

Present Conjunctive

The prefix di- expresses the conjunctive present.

çûn / çûyin - to go

Future

1st possibility - colloquial

-ê / - yê are added to the personal pronoun.

2nd possibility - written

The particle dê expresses the future. Dê appears as a single word.

çûn / çûyin - to go

Imperative

The prefix bi- is used for the formation of the imperative.

Some Vocabulary

Also read (in German): 

• Arabische Grammatik

• Aramäische Grammatik

• Chinesische Grammatik

• Deutsche Grammatik

• Englische Grammatik

• Französische Grammatik

• Isländische Grammatik

• Italienische Grammatik

• Japanische Grammatik

• Koreanische Grammatik

• Kurdische Grammatik

• Ladinische Grammatik

• Lateinische Grammatik

• Niederländische Grammatik

• Portugiesische Grammatik

• Spanische Grammatik

more information: info@longua.org