The Past Perfect / Plus-que-parfait is the past of the past.
Example:
|
French |
English |
Affirmative Sentence |
Il avait travaillé. |
He had worked. |
Negative Affirmative Sentence |
Il n’avait pas travaillé. |
He had not worked. |
Question |
Est-ce qu’il avait travaillé? |
Had he worked? |
Formation of the Plus-que-parfait:
The Plus-que-parfait consists of two parts:
- Auxiliary verb - avoir / être
- Paricipe Passé
Usage of the Auxiliary Verb
- être: Verbs of movement and non movement
- avoir: All other verbs
Forms of Auxiliary Verbs:
avoir - to have
French | English |
j’ai |
I have |
tu as |
you have |
il / elle / on a |
he / she / it has |
nous avons |
we have |
vous avez |
you have |
ils / elles ont |
they have |
être - to be
French | English |
je suis |
I am |
tu es |
you are |
il / elle / on est |
he / she / it is |
nous sommes |
we are |
vous êtes |
you are |
ils / elles sont |
they are |
The Participe Passé is the second part of the Plus-que-parfait / Past perfect.
List of some important verbs using “être” for the formation of the Passé Composé:
Infinitive |
Participe Passé / |
English |
aller |
allé |
to go |
arriver |
arrivé |
to arrive |
descendre |
descendu |
to go down |
devenir |
devenu |
to become |
entrer |
entré |
to enter |
monter |
monté |
to get on |
mourir |
mort |
to die |
naître |
né |
to be born |
partir |
parti |
to leave |
rentrer |
rentré |
to come back |
rester |
resté |
to stay |
retourner |
retourné |
to return |
revenir |
revenu |
to come back |
sortir |
sorti |
to go out |
tomber |
tombé |
to fall |
venir |
venu |
to come |
Reflexive Verbs and the Passé Composé
Reflexive Verbs always form the Passé Composé with the Auxiliary Verb “être”.
Example:
Après qu’il s’était levé, il est allé au centre pour boire un café.
There is NO Adjustment of the Participe Passé / Past Participle with:
- the Auxiliary Verb “avoir” > elle avait écouté
There is AN adjustment of the Participe Passé / Past Participle, with:
- the Auxiliary Verb “être” > elle était tombée
- Reflexive Verbs > elle s’était levée
- Complements (direct object) > elle l’avait vue
- Complements (direct object / relative sentence) > la voiture qu’elle avait vue
Example:
A verb using “avoir - to have” for the Plus-que-parfait: manger
French | English |
j’avais mangé |
I had eaten |
tu avais mangé |
you had eaten |
il / elle / on avait mangé |
he / she / it had eaten |
nous avions mangé |
we had eaten |
vous aviez mangé |
you had eaten |
ils / elles avaient mangé |
they had eaten |
A verb using “être- to be” for the Plus-que-parfait: aller
French | English |
j’étais allé(e) |
I had gone |
tu étais allé(e) |
you had gone |
il était allé |
he / she / it had gone |
nous étions allé(e)s |
we had gone |
vous étiez allé(e)s |
you had gone |
ils étaient allés |
they had gone |
Usage:
The Plus-que-parfait indicates the past of the past.
Example:
French | English |
Il m’a tout de suite présenté sa copine, après qu’elle était arrivée. |
He introduced his girl-friend directly when she had arrived. |
Elle ne l’avait jamais vu avant. |
She had never seen him before. |
Also read:
French - Le Pronom Possessif - pdf
French - Pronoun - Demonstrative Pronoun - ce, cet, cette, ces
French - Pronoun - Demonstrative Pronoun - celui
more information: info@longua.org
LONGUA.ORG: languages.li, longua.org in Italien, longua.org in Deutschland, longua.org in China, B1-Test (Schweiz), B2-Test (Schweiz), Allemand à Munich.ch, Soggiorni in Germania.it, Apprendre Allemand, 木木杨的博客 - China