The active is a verbal form where the agent is active; the passive is a verbal form where something happens to the subject.
The tenses are: Präsens (Present tense), Präteritum (Past tense), Perfekt (Perfect), Plusquamperfekt (Past perfect), Futur I (Future present), Futur II (Future past), Konjunktiv I Gegenwart (Conjunctive I present), Konjunktiv I Vergangenheit (Conjunctive I past), Konjunktiv II Gegenwart (Conjunctive II present / Conditional I), Konjunktiv II Vergangenheit (Conjunctive II past / Conditional II)
In the following table we use the modal verb “müssen” - must / have to.
|
German |
English |
||
Tense / Tempus |
Active |
Passive |
Active |
Passive |
Präsens |
Der Mann muss das Brot essen. |
Das Brot muss vom Mann gegessen werden. |
The man must / has to eat the bread. |
The bread must / has to be eaten by the man. |
Präteritum |
Der Mann musste das Brot essen. |
Das Brot musste vom Mann gegessen werden. |
The man had to eat the bread. |
The bread had to be eaten by the man. |
Perfekt |
Der Mann hat das Brot essen müssen. |
Das Brot hat vom Mann gegessen werden müssen. |
The man has had to eat the bread. |
The bread has had to be eaten by the man. |
Plusquamperfekt |
Der Mann hatte das Brot essen müssen. |
Das Brot hatte vom Mann gegessen werden müssen. |
The man had had to eat the bread. |
The bread had had to be eaten by the man. |
Futur I |
Der Mann wird das Brot essen müssen. |
Das Brot wird vom Mann gegessen werden müssen. |
The man will have to eat the bread. |
The bread will have to be eaten by the man. |
Futur II |
Der Mann wird das Brot gegessen haben müssen. |
Das Brot wird vom Mann gegessen worden sein müssen. |
The man will have had to eat the bread. |
The bread will have had to be eaten by the man. |
Konjunktiv I Gegenwart |
Der Mann werde das Brot essen müssen. |
Das Brot werde vom Mann gegessen werden müssen. |
- |
- |
Konjunktiv I Vergangenheit |
Der Mann werde das Brot gegessen haben müssen. |
Das Brot werde vom Mann gegessen worden sein müssen. |
- |
- |
Konjunktiv II Gegenwart |
Der Mann müsste das Brot essen. |
Das Brot müsste vom Mann gegessen werden. |
The man would have to eat the bread. |
The bread would have to be eaten by the man. |
Konjunktiv II Vergangenheit |
Der Mann hätte das Brot essen müssen. |
Das Brot hätte vom Mann gegessen worden müssen. |
The man would have had to eat the bread. |
The bread would have had to be eaten by the man. |
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