The Present Perfect / Perfekt is a tense of the past and expresses the same period of time as the Past Tense / Präteritum / Imperfekt. The difference is between the Present Perfect / Perfekt and the Past Tense / Präteritum is rather stylistic or regional (Southern German).
The Present Perfect / Perfekt is used a lot in the spoken language and mostly with main verbs.
Verbal forms in the Present Perfect / Perfekt
In German, the Present Perfect / Perfekt is formed different clusters.
The form consists of two parts:
Auxiliary Verb |
Past Participle / Partizip II |
haben / sein (to have / to be) |
ge … t / en – irregular form |
|
Auxiliary Verb |
|
Past Participle / Partizip II |
Er |
ist |
in die Stadt |
gegangen. |
He |
has |
to the city |
gone. |
Er |
hat |
ein Auto |
gekauft. |
He |
has |
a car |
bought. |
Hereby, there are two different verbs are used:
- Verbs of movement – auxiliary verb: sein - to be
- Verbs of non-movement – auxiliary verb: haben - to have
The Past Participle / Partizip II is mostly formed with a circumfix:
- kommen: ge-komm-en > irregular verb
- kaufen: ge-kauf-t > regular verb
- There are also completely irregular forms with alternating vowels or other possibilities.
Some examples:
|
Auxiliary verb |
Past Participle / Partizip II |
Auxiliary verb |
Past Participle / Partizip II |
ich |
habe |
gemacht |
bin |
gekommen |
I |
„to have“ |
made |
„to be“ |
come |
Irregular / strong verbs (starke Verben) form the past participle / Partizip II according to the following tables:
German - Irregular Verbs: List: a - b
German - Irregular Verbs: List: c - f
German - Irregular Verbs: List: k - m
German - Irregular Verbs: List: n - r
German - Irregular Verbs: List: s - sch
German - Irregular Verbs: List: se - st
German - Irregular Verbs: List: t - v
German - Irregular Verbs: List: w - z
In German:
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: a - b
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: c - f
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: k - m
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: n - r
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: s - sch
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: se - st
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: t - v
Unregelmäßige Verben: Stammformen: w - z
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